Dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) mediate regulatory activity of their substrates and have been linked to a variety of diseases including type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. DPPs have post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity, cleaving Xaa-Pro dipeptides from the N-termini of proteins. DPPs can bind specific voltage-gated potassium channels and alter their expression and biophysical properties and may also influence T cells. DPP proteins include DPRP1, DPRP2, DPP3, DPP7, DPP10, DPPX and CD26. DPP10 (dipeptidyl-peptidase 10), also known as DPRP3 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV-related protein 3), DPL2 or DPPY, is a non-functional dipeptidyl peptidase which can bind to the potassium channels KV4.1 and KV4.2. It is a single-pass type II membrane protein expressed in spinal cord, adrenal glands, pancreas and brain tissues and may act as a modulator for cell surface expression and activity of KV4.1 and KV4.2.